Fredrick Douglas vs. Huckleberry Finn Essays

Fredrick Douglas versus Huckleberry Finn Essays Fredrick Douglas versus Huckleberry Finn Essay Fredrick Douglas versus Huckleberry Finn Essay Exposition Topic: The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Frederick Douglas Essay In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, and In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the two writers depict a comparative view on bondage and the individuals in the South. In the two bits of writing, the principle characters had no parental direction, and both started as being captives to merciless slave proprietors. One distinction that happens between the two is that in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the individuals who do promotion things are rebuffed, while in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, numerous barbarous individuals pull off their violations. In Mark Twains epic, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Husks youth is forlorn. He has no parental figures to help him in using sound judgment in his life. His mom was dead and he was always unable to meet her, while his dad was a smashed. HIS dad was away more often than not and once in a while gave any consideration to him. This absence of gratefulness could without much of a stretch cause a little youngster to feel undesirable and exacerbate It In the life of a slave. Particularly since he was abused by his slave-proprietor as ell. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, Douglas had to grow up with no character and not knowing who his dad is. This is hard for a little youngster to fathom, particularly since he was encircled by white neighbors and companions who were all mindful of their dads characters. : All the more critically, Douglas had to grow up without the sustenance of a mindful mother since they were isolated when Douglas was as yet a little youngster. Both these creators are attempting to show the crowd the hardships that African Americans had to experience. Additionally, they re endeavoring to depict how brutal the white individuals were and how inconsistent the two people were. The character Houck, from the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, was subjugated to a brutal lady named MISS Watson. She was an amazingly mean and Ignorant slave proprietor who constrained them to work horrible hours and help her in everything that she does. Like that, in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, Douglas first ace was Mr.. Anthony, who was a uninformed man since he rewarded his slaves like refuse continually whipping them and beating them. Likewise, since they lived on a restriction the slave-proprietor was in all likelihood not one to recall their names or even know about a portion of his slaves presence, yet just by the mass number he had acquired. The two bits of writing had an astounding comparative approach to depict the southerners, as the trouble makers, which Is genuine in light of the manner in which they abused the people working for them, yet In an offs people perspective, bondage was normal and known to be a lifestyle. A few people realized that It was ethically erroneous what they were doing, however since It was so advantageous, they went to strict occasions to assist sew with feeling much improved and not feel so regretful of their activities. In conclusion, the primary and most disappointing contrast between the anecdotal, the Frederick Douglas, is the consequence of the activities that the terrible individuals did. In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the fraud for the Duke of Bridgewater and the sham for the dauphin, King Louis Wigs child, are rebuffed for their violations. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, there were numerous individuals who escaped for their offenses including murder. For instance, when Douglas was youthful and lived on the estate, he saw Demy, another slave, go into a brook to alleviate the torment room being whipped, yet when Mr.. Violence, the administrator, tallied to three and Demy didn't react, he shot him in that spot. At the point when he was addressed by the land proprietor, Mr.. Violence said that the slave was a terrible model. Another episode where the slaves were abused was when Douglas lived in Baltimore. He saw the Hamilton family beating their two slaves, Henrietta and Mary. An examination was to be held, however nobody had it implemented thus the Hamilton family had the option to carry on with their life free and no pay dearly for their activities. This shows how excruciating the Ruth is about reality and how in anecdotal stories the miscreants consistently get their disciplines, while, in actuality, a few people can pull off their wrongdoings. The examination that Mark Twain and Frederick Douglas make in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, and the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, about the manner in which the southerners rewarded slaves with disparity and remorselessness shows how life could have been troublesome in the event that you were conceived in this timespan. Imprint Twain, however, portrays his anecdotal stories with respect to what we want them to be and not concerning how they happened constantly.

Social Media in Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internet based life in Communication - Essay Example The procedure of writing survey can be supposed to be an amalgamation of the outlines of the papers or a clarified book reference of numerous examination or the original copies of the diverse famous researchers and writers. Be that as it may, a significant writing audit can be characterized as the utilization of thoughts in the writing for legitimizing a specific methodology identified with the subject. 1.1 Focus on the three crowd model The accompanying segment presents a writing audit on criticalness of web based life concerning the three crowd examine procedure. The examination will cover the auxiliary, conduct just as the social parts of the writing audit of the point being referred to. The auxiliary measurement will manage the portrayal of sythesis which is identified with the general public, its time use just as the review and examination technique joined inside it. The conduct measurement will coordinate towards clarifying and anticipating the decisions, responses just as impa cts and the procedure of overview, explore just as mental estimation. The social measurement will relate the comprehension of the significance of the substance got as its utilization in setting, its view of importance just as ethnographic and subjective examination. The writing audit in this paper focuses on the conversation of the criticalness of web based life in the region of correspondence in the topical occasions. 1.2 Social media in correspondence The innovative advances of the cutting edge world are disrupting the general flow of changing just as spreading the data to the influenced networks in time of an emergency circumstance. The system correspondence of the cutting edge world like that of versatile advances, PCs just as Internet get to and computerized video hardware are changing the structure of system correspondence so we can interface with one another. Shroud et al. (2011) allude that in 2010, Smith in a Pew Internet Study experienced that around 33% of the online grow n-ups are in the binge of using informal community stages like that of web journals, long range interpersonal communication locales, online video , content informing just as compact advanced gadgets (Veil et al., 2011, p. 110).These media give a financially savvy discussion to communicating the arrangement of thoughts just as hold up traffic of offering more open doors just as new diverts for worldwide effort in the emergency correspondence (Veil et al., 2011, p. 110). Cloak et al. (2011) likewise feature the way that from the investigations of Palen, Vieweg, Sutton, Liu, and Hughes, it is uncovered that the on location just as online emergency reaction in the current world are an arrangement of concurrent between linkage and crossing point with one another (Veil et al., 2011, p. 110). Internet based life is at the center of human correspondence Veil et al. refer to Mayfield to depict the way that the essence of online life is created from the human correspondence at its center with the properties of cooperation, receptiveness, discussion just as that network and connectedness. The improved innovation prompts private people for turning out to be wellspring of online data with the imparting insights, bits of knowledge, points of view and encounters with the others (Veil et al., 2011, p. 110). Long range informal communication and associations Ferreira and du Plessis (2009) alluded the investigations of Arvanitis and Loukis who have considered the effect of person to person communication inside the profitability of the laborers. They executed a relative report which depended on firm level information for Greece just as Switzerland (Ferreira and du Plessis, 2009, p. 4). The examination uncovered that the use of ICT in the Greek firms has executed positive profitability impacts and the investigations likewise demonstrated that full efficiency was not achieved as the capital was not effectively joined with that of innovation (Ferreira and du Plessis, 2009, p. 4). L in et al. (2012) have seen that the work esteems are commonly steady, inborn just as mental in nature. The work esteems

Discuss the Theories Concerning & Childhood Education - 1650 Words

Discuss the Theories Concerning & Childhood Education (Coursework Sample) Content: Theory and Childhood EducationNameName of InstitutionSection 1:Teaching is actually a balancing act between knowledge and performance. The concept of a good teacher includes the ability to connect with students, to encourage inquiry and to project a caring attitude while maintaining discipline. Communication pedagogy being a transactional process in which educators and learners create a joint communication climate which should alternate from moment to moment as the conversation unfolds and the thoughts, attitudes and behaviors of both parties influence each other in some way.According to French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬2002), the education systems of industrialized societies function in such a way as to legitimate class inequalities. Success in the education system is facilitated by the possession of cultural capital and of higher class habitus.Bourdieu affirms that, since the education system presupposes the possession of cultural capital, which fe w students in fact possess, there is a great deal of inefficiency in pedagogic transmission. This is because students simply do not understand what their teachers are trying to get across. For Bourdieu, this is particularly apparent in the universities, where students, afraid of revealing the extent of their illiteracy.Heller, M (2005) came up with the term parallel monolingualism, in which "each variety must conform to certain prescriptive norms" (Heller, 1999, p.271). Heller argued that students learn to become bilingual in particular ways (and therefore not others) and that these constructions of bilingualism advantage particular groups of students. She also displays language as playing a central role in the globalized new economyFurther, C. (2008) used the term "separate bilingualism" to describe language learning classroom contexts in complementary schools where teachers insist on the use of the target language only.Section 2Marxist feminists advocate that women's oppression is tied primarily to the operations of the capitalist system. This perspective upholds that women's oppression and inequality in society are primarily linked to their economic dependence on men as a result of their unpaid role in the home, as well as their lack of access to well-paid, full-time employment in the workforce. Thus, the family is generally viewed as an oppressive institution for women. Equality for women, according to Marxist feminists, will only be achieved through the elimination of capitalism.However, Socialist feminists argue that the lives of women in non-capitalist systems are not substantially different or transformed from those under capitalism; that is, they are still oppressed by patriarchy. Thus, socialist feminists uphold that women's liberation must not be analyzed solely in terms of capitalism, but must include an analysis of patriarchy, a system of male dominance and power, and how both systems simultaneously oppress women. The patriarchal nuclear family is considered central to the perpetuation of gender and class inequalities.Section 3 Section 4Around the world, discourses of childhood and childhood innocence have been successfully employed to foster moral panic for political gains by social and moral conservatives. Moral panic operates to maintain the social order in societies and, in the context of childhood; it has especially been mobilized to perpetuate the control of heternormative narratives. Started through media and political discourses, moral panic focused on stranger danger reinforces myths and stereotypes about children's public vulnerabilities, often eclipsing children's private vulnerabilities in the privileged white middle-class nuclear family. Discourses of childhood innocence and protection, which have largely rendered children's sexual subjectivities invisible, have often been the rationale for denying children access to relevant and important knowledge about sexuality and relationships.As a result, childrenà ¢Ã¢â €š ¬s daily lives are subjected to strict surveillance and regulation as a result of the heightened concern, or moral panic, around their potential vulnerability to sexual environments.However, moral panic social reaction is misplaced or displaced towards a target that is not the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"realà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ problem. As has been evident, moral panic has used as a political strategy by individuals and governments to manipulate social reaction in favour of their own conservative political agendas. Media angers redirect social reaction away from critical issues that warrant public debate, such as human rights and citizenship, towards manufactured à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"folk devilsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ that become the focus of public scaremongering.Section 5:Curriculum theory is the theory of the development and enactment of curriculum. Within the broad field of curriculum studies, it is both a historical analysis of curriculum and a way of viewing current educational curriculum and policy decisions. O ne of the common criticisms of curriculum of curriculum theory is that it lays more emphasis on mental discipline and education.There are four curriculum groups also known as humanist;Social meliorism Social Meliorists believe that education is a tool to reform society and create change of the better. This socialization goal was based on the power of the individual's intelligence, and the ability to improve on intelligence through education. An individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s future was not predetermined by gender, race, socio-economic status, heredity or any other factors. "The corruption and vice in the cities, the inequalities of race and gender, and the abuse of privilege and power could all be addressed by a curriculum that focused directly on those very issues, thereby raising a new generation equipped to deal effectively with those abusesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Some critics view this group as having goals that are difficult to measure and are a product that has slow results.John Dewey's cu rriculum theory John Dewey felt that the curriculum should ultimately produce students who would be able to deal effectively with the modern world. Therefore, curriculum should not be presented as finished abstractions, but should include the childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s preconceptions and should incorporate how the child views his or her own world. Dewey uses four instincts, or impulses, to describe how to characterize childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s behavior. The four instincts according to Dewey are social, constructive, expressive, and artistic. Curriculum should build an orderly sense of the world where the child lives.Social efficiency educators "Social efficiency educators" such as theorists Ross, Bobbitt, Gilbreth, Taylor, and Thorndike were aiming to design a curriculum that would optimize the "social utility" of each individual in a society. By using education as an efficiency tool, these theorists believed that society could be controlled. Students would be scientifically evaluated (such as IQ tests), and educated towards their predicted role in society. This involved the introduction of vocational and junior high schools to address the curriculum designed around specific life activities that correlate with each studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s societal future. The Critics believe this model has too much emphasis on testing and separating students based on the results of that testing.Developmentalism Developmentalists focus attention to the development of children's emotional and behavioral qualities. One part of this view is using the characteristics of children and youth as the source of the curriculum. Some critics claim this model is at the expense of other relevant factors.Section 6Another theory of childhood education is the Connectivism theory, a hypothesis of learning which emphasizes the role of social and cultural context. Connectivism is the integration of principles explored by chaos, network, and complexity and self-organization theories. Learning (defined as actionable knowledge) can reside outside of ourselves (within an organization or a database), is focused on connecting specialized information sets, and the connections that enable us to learn more are more important than our current state of knowing.Connectivism is built on the following principles; * Learning and knowledge rests in diversity of opinions. * Learning is a process of connecting specialized nodes or information sources. * Learning may reside in non-human appliances. * Capacity to know more is more critical than what is currently known * ...

Authoritarism in Argentina in the Last Fifty Years Essay

Latin America politics in the past 50 years have been regarded as being unstable with military regimes, authoritarian rule, and violent. Latin America has been considered an authoritarian region with rulers either military or civilian directed. 3 governments are important to stabilize countries with tension of nation crisis by eliminating the popular sector in the national politics. In Argentina the prevalence of authoritarian changed the principal lines of the former government in their social, economic, and political ideas. Argentina in the early 1930s was led by a â€Å"populist† government, which was the dominant national political coalition, then converted to an authoritarianism government with alternative economic strategies, and improved†¦show more content†¦Not all Latin America countries had the same rules and policies when they were authoritarian. Several differences between regimes are the role of leadership; intersect groups or coalitions in supporting th eir government. Latin countries had different strategies in how a government should move forwards towards the future. Similarities that regimes had were â€Å" interest representation based on enforces limited pluralism â€Å"(Malloy, James M, pages 4). When viewing Latin Americas perspective on authoritarian rule can be broken down into three levels â€Å" (1) regime-type authoritarianism running from old-fashioned caudillo, (2) overarching subtypes â€Å" corporation† structural and organizational principles, (3) leaders, supporting coalitions and policy strategies.† (Malloy, James M, pages 3). Overall different countries had differences authoritarian rule but there similarities in structure and organization in principles were still the identical. Colonel Juan D. Peron merged rapidly as a political figure and a person that could take over the country. Peron was closely associated with General Edelmiro Farrell, who became president. With the backing of the new presi dent Peron had his target the vice presidency, also the ministry of war Peron was gaining power in the military and the citizens of Argentina. Peron was becoming popular rapidly as prominent political figure. He

Essay on Contemporary Choral Music - 2238 Words

Contemporary Choral Compositions Most people that live in the modern generation view choral music as old, boring harmonies whose composers died with kings. However, choral music is not just for the elderly singing hymns apathetically in the church pews on Sunday morning. Though the perception of it remains unenthusiastic among common listeners, the life of choral music is not as dead or boring as most would assume. Choral music is made modern, enjoyable, and vibrant through the works of contemporary composers. Although it is not as recognized in modern generations, brilliant vocal compositions and composers still exist today. Two of the most recognized composers of contemporary choral music today are Morten Lauridsen and Eric Whitacre.†¦show more content†¦While reading love poems, Lauridsen became increasingly intrigued by the symbolic image of flames that recurred within the context. â€Å"I decided to compose an intensely dramatic cycle based on Renaissance love poems employing this fire motive while blending stylistic musical features of the period with contemporary compositional idiom,† says Lauridsen. The musical textures of this composition are replete with Renaissance techniques, including word painting, modality, intricate counterpoint, and bold harmonies unified by what Lauridsen terms the â€Å"fire chord,† a minor triad with an added major seventh. The six movements of Madrigali, in order, include Ov’à ¨, Lass’, Il Bel Viso?, Quando Son Pià ¹ Lontan, Amor, Io Sento L’Alma, Io Piango, Luci Serene e Chiare, and Se per Havervi, Oimà ¨. In the final movement, Se per Havervi, Oimà ¨, the text translates to: â€Å"If, alas, when I gave you my heart, There was born in me that passion, Cruel Lady, which burns me everywhere So that I am all aflame, And if, loving you, bitter torment Makes me die of sorrow, Wretched me! What shall I do Without you who are my every joy?† [Play Madrigali] Lauridsen explains, â€Å"I wanted this music to emanate (like ripples from a pebble thrown into a pond) from a single, primal sonority; one dramatic chord that would encapsulate the intensity of the entire cycle and which would provide a musical motivic unity toShow MoreRelatedHungry for Worship Book Review Essay4525 Words   |  19 Pagesimportance over him. Another topic within the chapter that is discussed is preaching that should center on worship. They write â€Å"far too long many pastors have tried to shift the responsibility of growing the church away from the pulpit and onto music. 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This piece, with its catchy 4 note motive which is developed over the course of the song, inspired Peter Wilhousky to set the music to his own lyrics. Wilhousky was an American composer with Ukrainian roots. He wrote Christmas themed lyrics to be sung to the music, and it would grow to become the infamous Carol of the Bells, one of the most famous ChristmasRead MoreVocal Music Essay720 Words   |  3 PagesVocal Music The Classical era was primarily a period of instrumental music. The major composers of the time focused on new instrumental styles and forms. Vocal music wasnt nearly as important as it had been in the past. The Lieder (songs) written by Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven are not considered to be as important as their instrumental work. The operas composed by Haydn to entertain the guests at Esterhà ¡zy have vanished into history, and Beethoven wrote only one opera, Fidelio. 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Others may strongly disagree; even though it has stood the test of time what actually makes this the sole definition of â€Å"good† music? It doesn’t, there really is not a true universal defin ition. There are multipleRead MoreFrancis Poulencs Short Piano Pieces952 Words   |  4 PagesFrancis Poulencs Short Piano Pieces Francis Poulencs music was considered avant garde, even in a time when art and expression focused on finding something new and different. Poulenc was a key member of the group Les Six, a French Group that wished to move music away from impressionism, formality, and the intellectual tendencies that had dictated creativity in the previous century (Rovi Corp, 2012). They wished to create conceptual music that was based on the expression of pure human emotion. Undoubtedly

The Importance of Academic Honesty free essay sample

Armed with their desire to finish their college education and get good grades in class, there are certain students who choose to cheat in order to get through the academic turmoil. There are students who feel that through this process, they can earn high points without necessarily going through the difficulty of making one’s own research as well as laboratory activities. While this may be true, academic dishonesty also has its disadvantages. Through cheating, the students are not actually fooling their mentors but themselves. Students should realize that class activities are not required simply for the reason that teachers want their students to suffer. Class activities and home works are required in order to test the learning ability of the student and to give an avenue for the latter to improve his skills and enhance his knowledge. Without these tests and activities, learning will be tantamount to being spoon fed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Academic Honesty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Learning does not mean being served on a silver platter, instead, it means finding the courage to explore the wonderful world of education and using the knowledge gained in order to survive daily living. Education is very important as this teaches one on how to act and react to certain situations. In addition, education familiarizes one with world events, history and the skills and tasks needed in order to become a significant part of the society. Through good education, excellent physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects and teachers among others are produced. These professionals become the foundation of a healthy and progressive society. Without education, people suffer. No one will treat the sick, defend the defenseless, build roads, and create buildings. It is utterly difficult to survive in a society wherein there is barely enough to sustain oneself and needs. Education is needed in order for the world to function properly and to have peace and stability. Through the introduction of the different fruits of technology, cheating has become so easy for many students. Among the fruits of technology which contributes to cheating are mobile phones and the internet. Through mobile phones, the students can easily exchange information concerning the answers to an exam or a quiz. They can keep these copies in their mobile phones so that they easily take a look at it when needed (Adkins, Kenkel and Lim). With regard to the internet, there are so many sites which offer academic services and these include paper mills. Through paper mills, the students can easily order a custom made paper anytime of the day and specify the instructions that they need and the urgency for the paper. While many academic institutions consider this as a form of cheating, paper mill companies don’t consider it as such instead they perceive it as a form of extending academic help to a student who is having difficulty complying with school requirements. In addition, paper mills argue that this is not a form of cheating since they are only articulating the ideas of the student and are helping the students learn better since through informing them on how to write a good essay or research paper (Papers 24/7). Whatever be the argument is, the process of ordering papers on line and having someone else do it is greatly frowned by all educational institutions and claim it as a form of dishonesty. In this regard, academic institutions now employ several mechanisms in order to detect academic dishonesty. The most popular of which is the Turnitin. Through this device, educational institutions are able to determine if a paper is plagiarism free or not (Adkins, Kenkel and Lim). In addition to other modes of cheating through the internet is the use of â€Å"ringers†. Students employ the services of experts so that the latter will answer the exams questions for them. This is commonly and easily done since there are many students who have online courses. The detection of this form of dishonesty can easily be detected since this is online (Adkins, Kenkel and Lim). While there are many ways to cheat unnoticed, students must remember that this act also has its dire consequences in the future. Academic degrees, grades and educational institutions graduated from serve as gauge marks for employers. They serve as signs of the students’ capability and skills. If a student has unduly earned these credits, it would be very difficult for him to meet the expectations that are attached with it (Adkins, Kenkel and Lim). He will have a hard time proving himself and his worthiness to such credit; worse, he might need to re-learn all the things that he should have adequately learned in school. It is entirely difficult and humiliating to be proven that you are not entitled to the title that you carry. In addition, this also causes undue harm to the educational institution which the student graduated and earned his degree. It will undermine the level of education that they provide to students.

UFO Fact Or Fiction Essays - Ufologists, Extraterrestrial Life

UFO Fact Or Fiction annon Unidentified flying objects, or UFOs, as they're fondly called, are one of the century's most intriguing and controversial mysteries. Since ancient times, UFOs of all types have been accounted for. More today than ever, hundreds of thinkers, theologians, and scientists have tried to answer why there are or whether there aren't UFOs. According to some, the speculation that UFOs are alien spacecrafts from another world is an absurd and foolish proposal. Others vehemently disagree and assert that extraterrestrial life is not only possible, but such life forms may be superior, technologically advanced beings who visit our Earth regularly. Are these flying saucers a figment of our imagination? Or, are they a genuine reality we prefer to dismiss because we fear the scary truth that we are not the only master race? Are we hesitant because society dubs such immature psycho tantamount to subscribing to belief in ghosts? These are a few of the many pertinent UFO questions the mature individual must address. One of the most popular theories that support and explains the existence of alien beings is the ancient astronaut theory. This theory contains three main schools of thought. The first states that aliens bred with our primitive forebears thereby creating modern man. The second is quite similar. Aliens performed genetic engineering on apes thereby creating the Homo Sapiens and man's intelligence. The third, and least accepted, is that colonists from another galaxy came to Earth, mated with the primitives and established a high level of culture, before being destroyed by some natural catastrophe. And upon this catastrophe and destruction, we build and grow (Fitzgerald 1). Berossus, a Babylonian scholar, may have been the first astronaut historian. He said that animals endowed with reason bestowed the Sumerian culture before 3000 BCE. The Sumerians, along with their cultural inheritors, the Babylonians, never referred to such beings as gods. Rather they were depicted as disgusting abominations, a description only deserved by uninvited alien visitors (2). One step further takes the astronaut theory and surmises that with it, we can understand the later religious cultures, such as the Hebrews who are thought to have borrowed much of Sumerian practice. Such religions and secret societies, with their elaborate and complicated rituals may actually be preserving from a previous epoch fragments of an esoteric and little understood knowledge, just as the Egyptian, Hebrew, and Mayan priests guarded in their temples the inspired word of their self-possessed creators (3). Alien originators may have set down certain rites which became confused over the years, resulting in the various ancient religions; aliens being the source of our notion of God. This also may explain how miles long designs, only viewable from the air, were created in ancient times. The only rationalization for the possibility of such designs is that the ancients had assistance from the sky, namely extraterrestrial assistance. Many UFO theorists, astronomer Morris Jessup being the forerunner, go even further: not only were pre-Biblical and Biblical times full of Alien intervention, but he contends that the UFO phenomenon is the missing link between Biblical supernatural accounts of miracles and established, contradicting science. Jessup explains that nothing is supernatural and nothing is outside nature (12). He continues that the Bible is full of UFO accounts, depicted by various descriptions: angels, the revelation on Mt. Sinai, the burning bush, and Elijah's levitation to heaven. Jessup says the Bible is a physical record, not a collection of divine revelation although the miracles of this and all religions invite rational and physical explanation, if we grant the 'existence of spatial intelligence (13).' Another thinker, Brinsley Trent, follows the theme of extraterrestrial interpretations of the Bible and claims that the Garden of Eden was, as many ancient texts point out, not the underground, but in the Underworld - i.e. outside the orbit of earth, meaning Mars. When the Great Flood occurred, Noah built a great boat, a spaceship, and landed on Earth (Life 16). However, Cornell astronomer Carl Sagan warns that this ancient astronaut theory and the saucer myths represent a compromise between the need to believe in a traditional God and the contemporary pressures to accept the pronouncement of science (Fitzgerald 5); therefore, according to Sagan, the proposition that aliens exist and the astronaut theory should be tossed. Many theorists assume the Bible is a totally separate entity and don't associate or contradict the UFO phenomenon with the well established theological belief system in the supernatural. Wilhelm Reich, for one, a noted Austrian psychoanalyst, claimed to have witnessed various UFO crafts and believed that these aliens are hostile. Such aliens wish to rob Earth of orgone, a cosmic life